The Corona Virus. For weeks there was calm. Then suddenly there was panic. Admittedly, it was surprising. Markets have been moving upwards without a hitch for a while and initially they shrugged the Coronavirus off. Australian investors, getting little joy from cash, may have been pushing into the market. The US has been offering solid economic growth to underpin its market.

So normally the panic would have started earlier. With the market panic started, the question becomes: what now? Endless words are dedicated to how to behave when things go south. We regularly remind investors about the worst. Hopefully it means the worst is no surprise, but feelings happen. It’s ok to have feelings, just remember the market doesn’t care about feelings.

We can feel quite brave on the way up, but when the plunge happens it can be another story.

Some things to consider.

The Media

The media will continue in their attempt to pump up the issue. “How many billions wiped” and “What it means for your super” will be common leads. Various media organisations started “live blogging” the ASX trading day after a few days of falls. If you’re curious what that entails, along with an insight into the media’s motives. They sit there as the market falls 2% at open and tell us the market has fallen 2% at open. For the rest of the day they hunt every piece of ghoulish news they can find. It’s added to a continuously refreshing page on their website.

Anyone bothering to scroll through such a cornucopia of despair would likely be in the fetal position by the end of it. Incendiary and pathetic stuff. Meant to bring out the worst.

Garth Turner, a Canadian financial adviser, who was also once a journalist, wrote the following about the 1987 market crash. At the time he was business editor at the Toronto Sun.

By the time I sat down to write my daily column the Dow had collapsed 22.6%. In one day. The worst crash on record. More than 1929. Terrifying. As I wrote I glanced up at a crowd of co-workers standing around that dinging clunker in mute shock. Then I sent my assistant to the newsroom library to dig up pictures of breadlines from Depression-era Toronto, which I irresponsibly published the next morning.

So what happened?

Despite the historic disaster in the autumn, 1987 finished positive for the markets. Over the next two years it advanced 12% and 26%. No 1930’s rerun. Everyone who sold on October 20th seriously regretted it. And I regret I lacked the experience and knowledge to do what my public-facing job demanded – provide a balanced and responsible commentary.

Such reflection is rare. There won’t be any of it from the media for as long as the Coronavirus lasts. Keep that in mind.

The Markets

Don’t lose sight that corrections aren’t rare. Australian and world sharemarkets have been on a tear for a while. A genuine correction has been absent. That is rare. We’ve been in a good paddock. Last August we had a 5% pullback before a quick recovery. It’s been steadily upwards until this week.

Some perspective with this chart. The grey lines highlight the ASX All Ords annual returns (absent dividends) for the past 35 years. The red dots represent the largest annual falls the market had during those 35 years.

The dots don’t lie. Most years there will be a double-digit fall. The average fall in this instance is 12%. Usually there is another minor sell off throughout the year. Two sell offs a year. It’s the price of admission.

It’s important to take note of the ‘flattish’ years. Where there is a 0% or slightly negative or positive return. An investor may have to ride a 17% correction to get a 0% return from the sharemarket for that year. The reality of risk. Not pretty, but the best system we have. For some it’s not palatable. It’s why they don’t invest. Alternatively, they seek refuge in the arms of those promising safety and returns without risk. That rarely ends well.

You and Us

As your adviser, we will be humble enough to admit we don’t know anything about this virus, nor where it might take us. Anyone who offers any certainty should be dismissed. We can look at the past

as a guide for market impact, however it’s no road map. The Coronavirus is spreading faster than previous epidemics. Thankfully it appears less deadly.

Markets are unpredictable so we plan around lives and goals. We’re not trying to avoid the red or only capture the green. Your portfolio’s focus is the whole and what that amounts to over a longer period. Portfolios and budgets are built around the good, bad and ugly. Keep in mind you won’t have 100% of your portfolio in sharemarket funds.

For retired clients: We use effective cash management strategies. Taking advantage of harvesting and rebalancing opportunities. This is intended to quarantine cash for spending needs. It also aims to keep investors from selling down when markets are falling.

If you challenged us last year about selling from a fund that was performing well. This is the exact reason why it happened. Gains get quarantined when the opportunity arises. Your cashflow needs are met without going back to your portfolio in uncertain times.

For accumulators or opportunists: We don’t time markets, but a sharp fall or correction is better thought of as a discount. It’s just not advertised that way. If you believe we will overcome and get through this, as with every other challenge humanity has faced, November’s prices are now available in equities again.

Some guesses on things that may happen:

The virus will likely get worse. Then it will likely better. Central banks will intervene. Governments will likely spray some stimulus. Economies will spike as demand returns. Markets will recover as the American election cycle hurtles towards a conclusion. Australia’s economy will remain sluggish. US Corporate profits will continue. People who ignore things will sail through. Those who panic and sell will regret it later.

There are no fixed dates on any of these things. All remain guesses, but we’ve seen enough to be certain of the last two.

Most importantly – take care of your health.

_{This represents general information only. Before making any financial or investment decisions, we recommend you consult a financial planner to take into account your personal investment objectives, financial situation and individual needs.}

Economic Overview

The geopolitical risks that dominated for much of 2019 faded in Q4, supporting global share markets. Trade uncertainty faded with the US and China’s phase one trade deal announcement, while economic data remained stable. The trade deal, signed on January 15 means planned new tariffs will not be imposed, while US tariffs imposed in September on $120 billion Chinese goods will be reduced by half. The 25% tariffs on $250 billion of Chinese goods will remain. China also agreed to increase purchases of US goods, with agricultural produce highlighted.

The US Federal Reserve cut interest rates once in the quarter before indicating that “the current stance of monetary policy is appropriate”. The US economy expanded by 2.1% (annualised) in Q3. A result better than expected and stronger than Q2.

In the Eurozone, the confidence measure among German executives, improved in December, yet the Eurozone purchasing managers’ index remained unchanged at 50.6 in December – a level that indicates weak growth. Annual inflation was 1.0% in November, up from 0.7% in October but still well below the European Central Bank’s target of close to 2%. Christine Lagarde, in her first major speech as president of the European Central Bank, urged governments to boost public investment in order to increase domestic demand in Europe.

In the UK, the Latest GDP figures confirmed the economy had avoided entering a technical recession in the third quarter after contracting in the previous quarter. GDP growth was 0.4% quarter-on-quarter. Overall, the data suggests that the economy is coping with the uncertainty from Brexit. After the landslide election victory for the incumbent Conservative Party, the government is set to use its large majority to take the UK out of the EU by 31 January 2020, entering a transition period when the next stage of negotiations will begin.

Japan’s economic data continued to show a significant divergence between the strength in service sectors and the weakness in manufacturing. There were also signs that the long-running trend towards an ever-tighter labour market had finally reached its natural limit. The main economic event for the quarter was the consumption tax increase on 1 October.

In Australia, the RBA cut the official cash rate to 0.75% in October. Despite predictions of further cuts, none eventuated during the quarter. Eyes now turn to the RBA’s first meeting in February. While the RBA noted in its December minutes that, “the Australian economy appears to have reached a gentle turning point” it also finished those minutes by noting, “the Board is prepared to ease monetary policy further if needed to support sustainable growth in the economy, full employment and the achievement of the inflation target over time.”

Market Overview

Asset Class Returns

The following outlines the returns across the various asset classes to the 31^st December 2019

Overall, it was a mixed quarter to top off an extremely strong year. The majority of the Q4 gains came from global shares. US markets pushed higher as trade uncertainty faded, while Eurozone markets advanced with better economic data emerging from Germany. Bond markets reflected the better mood in the quarter as government bond yields rose (prices fell) and corporate bonds performed well.

Across the year it was hard to miss a good return, both Australian and global shares returned 20%+ returns, while Australian listed property was pushing 20% and fixed interest was given a shot in the arm as yields fell and prices increased. The asset class doing no one any favours? Cash.

In the US, the tech sector was a major beneficiary of easing trade tensions. Energy companies, which had lagged the broader S&P 500 index in 2019, rallied as the oil price rose on lower-than-expected supply.

Eurozone shares notched a strong return in the final quarter of the year, with the region’s MSCI EMU index returning 5.1%. Listed companies were supported by better economic data from Germany as well as the phase one trade deal agreed by the US and China. Gains were led by sectors that generally fare well when the economy is strengthening; top performing sectors included information technology, consumer discretionary and materials.

UK equities performed relatively well, and domestically focused areas benefited significantly as they responded favourably to the reduction in near-term political uncertainty.

The Japanese market rose in each month of the quarter to record a total return of 8.6%. Asia ex Japan delivered a strong return in Q4, supported by easing geopolitical risk as the US and China reached a phase one trade deal. US dollar weakness also provided support to returns. Against this backdrop China, South Korea and Taiwan all outperformed. In Taiwan, strong performance from technology sector companies boosted returns, as earnings expectations were revised upwards following solid Q3 sales figures

Emerging market shares posted a strong gain in Q4, benefiting from easing geopolitical concerns. The MSCI Emerging Markets Index increased in value and outperformed the MSCI World.

After a double digit first half of 2019, you might say the ASX coasted home with lower returns in Q3 and a meek 0.75% return for Q4. Notably, it did pass its previous record high in November. Q4 was hampered by a weak December with concerns over Christmas retail figures, the strengthening Australian dollar and improving employment figures, which paradoxically became a negative with the ASX counting on the support of further interest rate cuts. Meanwhile, three of the four big banks, NAB, ANZ and Westpac, struggled through Q4 with either more scandal or cuts to earnings and dividends, proving another drag for the ASX in Q4.

2019 Take outs

As we’ve noted, it was hard to go wrong in 2019, unless you had a bank account stuffed with cash or a poorly diversified portfolio stuffed with bank shares – or worse, a combination of both! Major asset classes all delivered stellar returns and when combined into a balanced portfolio of 60% growth assets/40% defensive assets the return was 16.74% for 2019, after a 1.01% return in 2018. Remarkably, the 2017 return for such a portfolio was 8.17% and the 2016 return 8.01%.

How reliable is that consistency? The average annual return for this portfolio is 8.27% for the past decade. The worst return came in 2011 with a -1.00% return, with 2019 being the best. Which shows if you’re prepared to ride out the sub-par years the realignment can eventuate, along with the rewards.

The on again off again trade tensions have proven somewhat farcical. A sniff of negative would take the market down and a whiff of positive would drag it back upwards. When the trade issues move into the background it will be interesting where global markets will take their cues from next. The US presidential race will likely be a focus. Just remember 2016 and the damage Donald Trump was supposedly going to inflict on world markets.

Whatever the focus, it should remain as a matter of interest, not a matter of concern. 2019 was a reminder that we should never react because our expectations may not align with market responses. There was significant concern as 2018 ended. Economic momentum was slowing, earnings growth was in question and optimism was low.

2019 returns were unexpected and more than anyone could hope for.

Does it mean anything for 2020? No. 2020 will have no memory of 2019, just as 2019 had no memory of 2018.

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With material from Schroders & DFA Australia.

This material is provided for information only. No account has been taken of the objectives, financial situation or needs of any particular person or entity. Accordingly, to the extent that this material may constitute general financial product advice, investors should, before acting on the advice, consider the appropriateness of the advice, having regard to the investor’s objectives, financial situation and needs. This is not an offer or recommendation to buy or sell securities or other financial products, nor a solicitation for deposits or other business, whether directly or indirectly.

They were the subject of much derision at the last federal election. Before you say the Labor party, no.

Electric cars.

What’s powering them (besides electricity)?

Batteries. Charge them up and away you go – hopefully for a few hundred kms. Most of the battery focus has centered on the lithium-ion battery. There’s no need to get too deep into various battery chemistries, but some of the minerals and metals required to make the battery are lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and graphite.

The race to manufacture the batteries has resulted in the construction of a significant number of battery mega factories around the world. According to Simon Moores of Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, a lithium battery consultancy, at last count there were 70 lithium ion battery megafactories in construction. By 2028 battery production capacity will potentially be able to power 23-24 million sedan sized vehicles.

Sounds exciting, especially for investors who want a piece of the action.

Where is the easiest place for investors to get targeted exposure to the electric car revolution? Car makers? Nope. They’re mostly boring dividend payers. Battery makers? Nope. Many are already integrated within chemical and electronic companies.

It’s exploration and mining companies.

If all goes to plan, there will be an increasing demand for all those raw materials mentioned earlier. They’ll need to be mined, or in lithium’s case, mined or extracted from brines. A lot of hype and a lot of stories. And a lot of opportunities for hyped up investors to lose their shirts.

How long before that happens? You might be surprised. We’re only in the early stages of this automotive change and there’s already been one boom and bust. A lot of investors are already walking around shirtless.

Firstly lithium. Keep in mind there is various lithium pricing because there are various sources of lithium. It can come from brines where salt flats are located. Most of the world’s lithium in this form comes from South America. Alternatively, it can come in hard rock form. Australia is the world’s largest producer of hard rock lithium.

Whatever price you’re looking at, it’s been on a consistent downward slide for lithium since the start of 2018. Why would this be? As always, same old story in mining. There’s a demand. Companies rush to build mines and fill the void. They fill the void (and some) with the end result of punishing themselves and their investors in the process. A story old as time, but one always forgotten during the boom phase.

In August, Alita Resources went into voluntary administration. Production at Alita’s Bald Hill mine in Western Australia lasted just over a year. One of the bigger (temporary) success stories, Pilbara Minerals, slowed operations at its Pilgangoora mine in WA. Pilbara also made a number of staff redundant last month and laid off contractors before embarking on a $91 million capital raising to get itself through the downturn. A year ago, Pilbara shares traded at 86 cents, at last check they were at 30 cents.

It’s a similar story across the industry. Investors in the big overseas listed miners, SQM and Albemarle have seen 50-60% losses over the past two years.

Cobalt was the other hyped story. It’s meant to be even scarcer than lithium. Investors started to think of the riches to be made for anyone who jumped on board. Where do you invest to get cobalt exposure? 60% of the world’s cobalt comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Swiss miner and commodity trader, Glencore, has a significant piece of that market.

Cobalt, like lithium, has proven to be another story of burnt fingers. However, unlike lithium, there’s been little in the way of new mine progress. The hype train pushed the cobalt price upward with plenty of explorers grabbing mining leases in the hope of getting lucky. If you want to see how well they fared, it wasn’t much different to the cobalt price. Up on hype and straight back down again.

In the DRC, two thirds of the population live on between $1-2 a day. A lot of cobalt is accessible by individual miners with hand tools. When the price rocketed, a lot of people in unfortunate circumstances had an opportunity to make some money. At the same time, Glencore increased its production. Suddenly warehouses in southern Africa were full of cobalt. Oversupply pushed the price down again.

Glencore has now halted production at its largest mine, Mutanda, and is also in a standoff with the Congalese government over mining royalties.

It’s always tempting to be on the lookout for the next great advancement. Speculators who can jump onboard early enough might make themselves a quick buck. They just need to know when to get out. Very few people picked the top in the last lithium and cobalt spike. Look on investment forums and you’ll find trapped investors who rode the prices downward now grasping for any piece of information indicating those prices might recover their previous highs.

As we regularly say, great stories don’t always make great investments. Long term, if the electric vehicle story is a winner, the gains from the car makers, battery makers and miners will find their way into the various funds a globally diversified portfolio holds. That ensures, as with every other sector and industry out there, an investor will capture some of the gains and be protected from the worst of the losses.

_{This represents general information only. Before making any financial or investment decisions, we recommend you consult a financial planner to take into account your personal investment objectives, financial situation and individual needs.}

“The markets haven’t been very good lately,” the investor said with some concern. “Should we be doing something?”

Markets were off their highs. Trump was being Trump. August had been one of those months. Off nearly 5% in a week. Sideways for the next three. A slight upward burst at the end, but the media had been salivating at the prospect of more losses. The wind had stopped blowing and the seas had calmed. The investor was still thinking about those storm warnings.

“Well the ASX All Ords is up about 19% until the end of August,” the adviser said, bringing up a returns chart.

“That’s strange, I could have sworn we’d been doing pretty badly this year,” returned the confused investor. “Interesting.”

August, and its last day, is an interesting study on why that might be.

Earlier in the month these are some of the headlines leading broadcasts, gracing newspaper front pages and taking the top left on news websites throughout August:

Bloodbath for share markets: Here’s how it affects you

ASX drops 128 points in worst loss of 2019

Trade war wipes $38b off ASX

Aussies’ super smashed as USA-China trade war hits ASX

Australian stock market slumps after US-China trade war prompts Wall Street plunge

Investors told to brace for more volatility as ASX sells off

Yes, it could be recency bias. The tendency to let the most recent events weigh heavily in one’s mind, but that’s only able to occur if a person is confronted by all information.

Below are the homepages of four well known Australian newspapers on that last day in August. The ASX All Ords finished up 93 points that day or 1.4%. It was up over 100 points when these screenshots were taken. You’d think such a great day would have warranted some interest by the media; telling us how many billions had been ‘wiped on the ASX’, what the gain ‘meant for us’ and how important it was for ‘our super’.

After all, those top left corners are usually reserved for important stories reminding us how much we’ve lost on the down days.

Nary a mention.

The day’s gains were buried much further down the page. Positive market news relegated to the business & finance section. Flicking through the nightly news it was a similar story.

Media bias by omission is why investing is so hard. It explains why some people are scared of the sharemarket. It also explains why sharemarket investors regularly think they’re doing worse than they are.  If we use months as our guide, 63% of the time the ASX is heading upward. It’s 72% of the time if we’re using years.

The likelihood of a 100-plus point down day leading the news? We can only guess, but we’re assuming it’s very high.

The likelihood of a 100 point-plus up day leading the news?

Looks like zero.

_{This represents general information only. Before making any financial or investment decisions, we recommend you consult a financial planner to take into account your personal investment objectives, financial situation and individual needs.}

June 6, 2019

Neil Woodford has a neck thick like a rugby player and a head shaped like it was chiselled out of granite, it could be mounted somewhere on Easter Island. Imposing is an appropriate word to describe his appearance. Woodford is a man screaming conviction.

Charlie Aitken is almost the opposite, but no less memorable. His features are sharp, he’s thin. Hair slicked back, often wearing a smug smirk; he appears supremely confident, giving the impression you should be listening to him. Aitken is a man screaming conviction.

While Woodford looks like he could be cracking heads outside a nightclub and Aitken cracking jokes on a late-night talk show, they’re both in the same business. They both manage money and lately it hasn’t been going so well.

Woodford was known as a star stock picker during his time at UK investment manager Invesco, so in 2013 it was time to set up his own fund. He started off strongly.

In his first full year on his own, Woodford’s flagship fund returned 16 per cent, beating all 50 of its peers tracked by Bloomberg. That has all changed, with the fund down 7 per cent this year through May 31 and down 18 per cent in the past 12 months.

And those falls have caused panic with Woodford’s investors.

Neil Woodford’s problems are a fund-management version of that old-fashioned bank run. Investors in the Woodford Equity Income fund have been asking for their money back at a rapid rate – about £10m a week. Unlike a bank, the fund has all the money – but it is invested in a series of companies.

To come up with the cash at once, the fund would be forced into a fire sale, with the result that investors would almost certainly get back less – much less – than they put in.

To stop the rot, this week Woodford suspended trading in his flagship fund in the UK.

Back in Australia, Aitken was one of Australia’s better-known stockbrokers before he made the leap to start his own fund in 2015. He attracted high profile investors such as billionaire Kerry Stokes and was said to have $300 million in funds under management. The fees were 1.5% and 15% of any outperformance over the fund’s benchmark.

Aitken’s Global High Conviction Fund started off promisingly enough. It outperformed its benchmark, the MSCI World Index, until 2018 when the fund fell almost non-stop throughout the year.

Aitken Investment Management’s Global High Conviction Fund suffered a 23.8 per cent loss in 2018 after being defeated by macro conditions that undermined the strategy’s pro-Asia bets.

This year it has lost further ground as the MSCI World’s recovery has been much stronger than that of Aitken’s fund. With that stinker of a return fresh in the memory, things are also happening at Aitken’s fund. The biggest investors apparently want change.

Rather than expand the stock picking team, we’ve heard the telegenic Aitken — we gather after some nudging by Stokes and Rankin — is going to recreate the business as a branded global index fund, with some high-conviction calls on the side.

Sounds like a fund available for 0.3% from a regular fund manager. Unless the pencil is sharpened on fees, any investor will pay Aitken an extra 1.2% for a little speculative indulgence. Hardly seems warranted.

Both Woodford and Aitken are known as conviction investors, but there is a problem with convictions. When you have convictions, investors expect your convictions to be right and they don’t give a damn about your convictions when they’re wrong. They have zero patience for theories on why something should have happened and yet didn’t.

They don’t want to accept a financial crisis type return in a year when there’s no financial crisis just because something happened in Asia or Europe that you didn’t foresee.

One of the more famous conviction stories is that of Michael Burry. It was memorably featured in the film The Big Short. Burry (played by Christian Bale) bought credit default swaps on subprime mortgage bonds. Doing this ensured Burry’s hedge fund performance was terrible for a considerable period of time due to the cost of holdings the swaps.

His investors were frustrated at the returns and apoplectic when Burry suspended redemptions and froze his investors’ capital until he believed the CDS market was acting as it should. If you’ve seen the film, Burry continually writes the percentage decline of his fund on a whiteboard.

In the end the payoff was spectacular. The number Burry finally wrote on his whiteboard was a two fingered salute to anyone who doubted him.

Michael Burry’s final return.

While it’s a great story, it’s not particularly helpful for everyday investors. In the film the audience is meant to sympathise, and cheer Burry on. In real life, the audience would be the investors screaming at Burry demanding their money back.

And for every Michael Burry who survived, recovered and delivered a monster pay off, there are an array of funds that have been shuttered after abysmal performance, the managers slinking off into the night. If an investor is down 20%+ in a fund based on a manager’s convictions, you can be assured they’re losing their convictions in the manager’s abilities.

Neil Woodford has been great in the past. Charlie Aitken has been great in the past. As we see time and again when it comes to investment returns, reputations mean nothing. Investors banking on previous conviction success won’t know the manager they’re investing with is right or wrong until after the fact.

Not that it stops the media giving them endless free publicity. Both Woodford and Aitken have been media darlings in their respective counties. In many investors’ minds media exposure equals skill and legitimacy when it’s only an indicator of the past and a willingness to provide a colourful quote.

But here’s a more important quote from some investors in Neil Woodford’s fund, “we trusted Neil Woodford with our money”.

Investors can trust a person, or they can trust capital markets and the factors that are known to drive returns. There are no guarantees, but in the past markets have been able to price in bad news and eventually keep providing returns.

The same can’t be said for every star manager’s fund.

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Neil Woodford explains to his investors.

_{This represents general information only. Before making any financial or investment decisions, we recommend you consult a financial planner to take into account your personal investment objectives, financial situation and individual needs.}

Economic Overview