Economic Overview

As to be expected, the ongoing and dominant economic and market theme remains COVID-19. More so than ever, with COVID present no quarter will be quite like the previous. While Q1 was one of steep decline and pain, Q2 was sharp recovery and euphoria, while in Q3 markets took a slightly more subdued, albeit positive direction. Accommodating monetary and fiscal policy kept markets happy.

In the US, the economy continued something of a recovery. The Federal Reserve noted it will use average inflation targeting in setting the interest rate, allowing for overshoots in inflation. This means the Fed will allow inflation to move above 2% before it responds. The Fed’s projection path of interest rates indicates it will likely hold rates around 0-0.25% into 2023. The US unemployment rate dropped to 8.4% in August, down from 10.2% in July, while labour force participation also improved. Industrial production rose for the fourth consecutive month in August, but at a much lower rate than earlier in the summer.  Similarly, retail sales increased in August, but again at a slower rate and below expectations.

Source: RBA 2020

In the EU, a €750 billion fund was approved to help member states recover from the pandemic. It comprises €390 billion of grants and €360 billion of loans to be distributed among member states. Unfortunately, Covid-19 infections rose rapidly in several countries throughout the quarter, particularly in Spain and France. In response, restrictions to contain the virus were announced. Although these restrictions were localised, opposed to the countrywide restrictions witnessed in the first phase. Various European countries, including Germany, extended furlough schemes designed to support jobs through the crisis. Business activity stalled in September with the flash purchasing manager’s index (PMI) falling to 50.1, down from 51.9 in August. 50 is the level that separates expansion in business activity from contraction.

In the UK, Brexit reared its head again with the potential for a disorderly exit beginning to flare. Not far behind were concerns for a second wave of COVID-19 infections, this saw the localised restrictions imposed in the North, similar to those imposed in some of Europe.

In Japan, the dominant news story was the resignation of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe due to a long-standing health issue. Abe claimed the record as the longest continuous Japanese Prime Minister, then resigned four days later, on August 28. Yoshihide Suga, the Chief Cabinet Secretary, quickly emerged as the frontrunner, being confirmed as PM on September 16. Data for the second quarter showed Japan’s economy recorded a decline for the third consecutive quarter, with the Q2 decline of 7.9% being the largest in GDP data going back to 1955.

In China, economic data signalled ongoing recovery and Q2 corporate earnings results were positive. Q2 GDP growth rebounded to 3.2% year-on-year, after a fall of -6.8% in Q1, and was stronger than expected. However, tensions with the US escalated, including new restrictions on Chinese telecoms company Huawei, and as President Trump signed an executive order to prevent US companies from doing business with TikTok and WeChat. In India, good monsoon rains were supportive, while towards the end of the quarter the government passed agricultural and labour reforms. This was despite further increase in the number of daily new cases of Covid-19, and as tensions with China on the Himalayan border persisted

In Thailand, the lack of improvement in the tourism sector was a drag on the economic recovery. In Indonesia, Covid-19 cases rose and had an increasing impact, especially in rural areas. As a result, tighter restrictions were brought in for Jakarta.

Back in Australia, the fallout from COVID-19 became evident in headline economic data from Q2. A 7% decline in the three months to June following on from a 0.3% decline in the March quarter, confirming Australia’s first recession since the 1990’s. It was also the largest fall in quarterly GDP since records began in 1959. With borders still essentially shut to most overseas visitors for the foreseeable future the government was looking at ways to revive the economy.

One of the more interesting announcements was the Australian government flagging the removal of responsible lending laws, something many commentators flagged was a strange pursuit, given the country has the second highest household debt in the world. When it came to monetary policy, the RBA left the cash rate at 0.25%, noting in the September release that it expects inflation “between 1 & 1.5% over the next couple of years” and it will not increase the cash rate until progress is made towards full employment and  inflation is sustainably between the 2–3%.

Market Overview

Asset Class Returns

The following outlines the returns across the various asset classes to the 30th September 2020.

Global stocks gained in Q3 but regional performances diverged with Asia and the US outperforming Europe and the UK. Government bond yields were little changed, however, corporate bonds enjoyed a positive quarter. As we noted last quarter government and central bank stimulus are playing their part, while ultra-low rates on cash and bonds means some investors are forced to take additional risk, which may be more supportive of higher stockmarket valuations.

US stocks gained in Q3, but struggled across September amid a resurgence of Covid-19 cases and political fighting over refreshed fiscal stimulus measures. Worries also grew over language used regarding a smooth transition of power if President Trump loses his re-election bid. Consumer discretionary areas, such as restaurants and appliances or apparel retailers performed well. Distribution companies were stronger and helped lift the industrials sector, while several airlines still facing headwinds from languishing passenger numbers, offered slightly positive returns. Energy companies remained weak on poor expectations for fuel demand.

Eurozone stocks were basically flat over the quarter. Economic data slowed over the quarter and worries took hold over sharply rising Covid-19 infections in many European countries. The energy and financial sectors saw the largest falls while materials and consumer discretionary advanced, automotive companies also generally fared well.

UK stocks lagged behind other regions during the quarter. This extending their year-to-date underperformance due to the market’s significant exposure to stocks in the oil and financial sectors. Performance was further undermined when UK focused areas of the market were hit in September with the re-imposition of localised restrictions and fears about the impact of these on the UK economy. Pound strength against a weak US dollar weighed on large UK companies with exposure to international markets.

Japanese stocks performed strongly with the Topix Index recording a 5.2% total return. This was despite a gradual strengthening of the yen against the US dollar over the period. Although corporate profits are still under pressure, the earnings season which concluded in early August, brought more positive surprises than many expected.

Asia ex Japan stocks recorded a strong return in Q3, led by Taiwan, where IT sector stocks underpinned gains. India, South Korea and China all posted double-digit returns and outperformed the MSCI Asia ex Japan index. Emerging market equities registered a robust return in Q3, aided by optimism towards progress on a Covid-19 vaccine and ongoing economic recovery. US dollar weakness proved supportive. The MSCI Emerging Markets Index increased in value and outperformed the MSCI World.

In Australia, the ASX managed a positive total return, despite some of the largest companies such as the big banks, BHP and CSL finishing slightly lower. Darlings such as Domino’s and buy now pay later company Afterpay continued to power on. The strongest performing sectors were consumer discretionary and information technology. This seemingly still reflects stimulus and early superannuation release sloshing around the economy, while IT is still benefiting from technological changes as workplaces adapt to various COVID related changes. Energy slumped further, as it did elsewhere across the globe.

From an Australian perspective looking globally, unhedged international stocks again trailed their hedged counterparts as the Australian dollar strengthened with the recovery. International small caps trailed their larger counterparts over the quarter, something that has become a theme for much of the last decade. A similar theme has emerged in the laggard value space. When will these risk premiums return to favour? Unsure, but they can never be ignored. That’s why they’re called risk premiums because they’re not always present. There’s always the next quarter.

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Additional material sourced from Schroders.

This material is provided for information only. No account has been taken of the objectives, financial situation or needs of any particular person or entity. Accordingly, to the extent that this material may constitute general financial product advice, investors should, before acting on the advice, consider the appropriateness of the advice, having regard to the investor’s objectives, financial situation and needs. This is not an offer or recommendation to buy or sell securities or other financial products, nor a solicitation for deposits or other business, whether directly or indirectly.

The delayed and momentous 2020 Federal budget has been handed down. It contains some amazing figures. The normally fiscally conscious Liberal Nationals have turned spendthrifts in a bid to lift the country out of the COVID-19 induced recession.

It wouldn’t be a budget without heroic assumptions and the biggest in this budget is the assumption there will be a COVID vaccine next year, along with the majority of Australians being vaccinated. It also assumes growth will be running at 4.25% and unemployment will be down to 6.5 per cent by the end of 2022.

Another big assumption: everyone will run out and spend. The consumer and business, that’s what the government wants.

Notably, there doesn’t seem much additional infrastructure spending which one might assume would be the cornerstone of a budget attempting to lift a country out of recession. Here the hope is tax cuts, business asset write offs and hiring incentives will do the heavy lifting. While the over relied upon golden goose of population growth has disappeared. As Australia has been propping up growth by way of immigration for some time, how the economy performs without it will be interesting.

What we have is a budget deficit of $213 billion, a likely decade of deficits and national debt passing $1 trillion.

That’s the grim stuff, onto the good stuff and what it means for your bank account.

As always to ensure to you make the most of your money, we will offer advice on how to best apply it to your circumstances.

Income Tax

Various thresholds and offsets are changing, with the ‘Stage 2’ legislation from last year’s budget scheduled to occur from 1 July 2022 brought forward and backdated to 1 July 2020. Positively, this leaves 11 million taxpayers with extra disposable income, with more than 7 million Australians receiving tax relief of $2,000 or more this year. We’ll just focus on the outcome overall in the table below. This should mean tax changes are reflected in pay packets some time later in the year when business payroll systems adjust.

How it looks for this financial year

Social Security Stimulus

Those on Age Pension, Disability Support Pension, Carer Payment, Carer Allowance, Family Tax Benefit, or Pension Concession Card Holders, Commonwealth Seniors Health Card holders, and Eligible Veterans Affairs payment recipients and concession card holders will receive $500 over two $250 cash payments. These will be paid in December 2020 and March 2021. Positively this leaves those on lower payments with some disposable income to be spent.

Superannuation

The ATO will develop systems enabling new employees to nominate a MySuper fund through the YourSuper portal. This will also provide an online comparison tool.

Superannuation members will have their account ‘stapled’ to avoid the continual creation of new accounts when changing employers. By 1 July 2021, if an employee doesn’t nominate an account when starting a new job, employers will pay their super contributions to their existing fund. A person can maintain multiple funds, but by choice.

APRA will benchmark MySuper products based on net investment performance. Funds underperforming over two consecutive annual tests will be prohibited from receiving new members until they cease underperforming. This will be extended to non-MySuper products from1 July 2022. Underperforming funds would need to notify members and refer members to the YourSuper comparison tool.

The account stapling is a positive and will cut down on money wasted across multiple rats and mice accounts. Hopefully it will encourage more engagement from investors, with their retirement savings pooled in one account. The benchmarking is dubious, and the short time frame concerning. Investment performance can never be guaranteed, and investors shouldn’t be encouraged to believe it is, especially using short time periods. It will be bad news if the comparison and benchmarking exercise encourages performance chasing and fund hopping from investors.

Granny Flats & Capital Gains Tax

A capital gains tax (CGT) exemption will be applied to granny flat rights that are supported by a formal written agreement. This aims to strengthen the financial and legal security of individuals entering into these arrangements, by removing potentially significant tax consequences associated with formalising these types of agreements.

Seniors & Home Care

The budget increases the number of approved home care packages available over the next four years with 23,000 new packages for older Australians waiting to receive at-home care, at a cost of $1.6bn. A likely response to the interim report of the royal commission finding the government needed to act urgently to reduce waiting times for older Australians seeking in-home support.

Business

As noted, the most emphasis has been business concessions and incentives to hopefully stimulate the economy.

Tax concessions to small businesses with a turnover of up to $50 million will be expanded: From 1 July 2020, eligible businesses would be able to immediately deduct start-up expenses and certain pre-paid expenditure.

Temporary full expensing of capital assets. From 7 October 2020 Businesses with an aggregated turnover of less than $5 billion will be able to deduct the full cost of eligible capital assets acquired from 7 October 2020 and used or installed by 30 June 2022.

Fringe Benefit Tax Exemption. From 1 April 2021, eligible businesses will be exempt from fringe benefit tax (FBT) on car parking and multiple work-related portable electronic devices, phones tablets laptops etc – an ‘eligible business’ will shift from one with turnover less than $10 million to those with turnover less than $50 million. A FBT exemption will be provided to employers providing training and reskilling to redundant or soon to be redundant employees. Ordinarily, FBT would apply if the training provided is not sufficiently connected to the current employment.

The Government will also consult on potential changes for employees undertaking training at their own expense. Currently, a tax deduction is only available where the training relates to the current employment.

Temporary loss carry-back from 1 July 2020. Companies with turnover of less than $5 billion can carry back losses in each of 2019/20, 2020/21 and 2021/22 tax years against any profits in 2018/19 or later years. The carry back will give rise to cash refunds of tax previously paid.

One final point to remember is that this all still needs to be passed by both the Lower house and the Senate, so some changes may occur.

_{This represents general information only. Before making any financial or investment decisions, we recommend you consult a financial planner to take into account your personal investment objectives, financial situation and individual needs.}

April 10, 2020

Welcome to our latest COVID-19 update.

Firstly, some positive news. Locally it has been encouraging to see compliance with the government’s social distancing rules. We’ve been in regular contact with overseas colleagues in the US and New Zealand. It’s pleasing to hear people understand the importance of keeping the spread of COVID-19 under control.

The research on a potential vaccine continues and there have been hopeful developments. From the University of Pittsburgh.

Scientists at UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have announced a potential vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the new coronavirus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. When tested in mice, the vaccine produces antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 at quantities thought to be enough to neutralize the virus.

From biotech company CytoDyn.

An experimental HIV drug that has been used to successfully treat COVID-19 patients is in its second phase of testing with the Food and Drug Administration and could potentially be approved for use in four weeks, its manufacturer says.

On the government response, it’s been pleasing that governments and central banks around the world have done their best to offer a response that may mitigate the economic fall out as much as possible. No stimulus will or can be perfect, and there will be economic casualties. This is the reality, as it is in every downturn. There is big talk about needing to be more self-reliant in the aftermath. Encouraging more manufacturing and infrastructure projects to stimulate and support employment. Whether this proves to be the case, we’ll have to wait and see. Doing more to encourage our productive capacity and less to encourage speculative borrowing to bid up house prices wouldn’t be a bad thing.

Markets & Evidence

The investment markets haven’t been pretty, but we’re pleased to see our beliefs are working. We have an investment philosophy document. It’s detailed. It references academic science. It’s put together so there is a set of guiding principles around how your portfolio is constructed. It only operates on demonstrable evidence. Every historical market situation forms that evidence. It can’t control or predict markets. No one can. Based on what we know, portfolios and the asset classes that comprise them are behaving as they should.

More aggressive portfolios expect more volatility, they’re seeing it. Less aggressive portfolios expect less volatility, they’re seeing it. This consistent behaviour has also been present in the recent recovery. No surprise to us.

We don’t want to be in the business of opportunism, but there are many investors and non-evidence-based advisers out there who are now learning things about their investment portfolios as this situation evolves. That is never a pleasant situation to be in. It is one we avoid because the risks in our portfolios are well understood. We built a process a long time ago to ensure we understood the behaviour of the asset classes and the funds we use.

Throughout history markets have recovered. Many specific products and strategies have not. The investors who will face the most problems as the effects of COVID-19 continue to work their way through the financial system will be the ones who don’t have a legacy of evidence behind their portfolios. Mortgage funds. Dividend chasers. Illiquid assets subject to redemptions. Speculative property investments. Hybrids.

Behaviour

Mindset is important during a time like this. Remaining calm and remaining positive remains important. There are always two schools of thought on where we are heading, and beliefs can fluctuate. Gauging the investment mood can only be done on a limited observational basis, but there are some interesting and expected behaviours occurring.

The flood of calls to superannuation funds has been noted as mostly unadvised investors in a serious panic switching their investments to cash. We’ve noted the mood around internet investment forums. Frightened talk about depressions. DIY investors panicking, asking what they should do. Outsourcing their decision making to the wisdom of the crowd.

Well known Australian fund manager Magellan reported their assets under management at the end of March. As expected, their assets were down because markets were down, but they also highlighted their inflows and outflows. The retail or the average investor were net sellers during the month, with $303 million leaving. In contrast, institutional or professional investors were net buyers, with $772 million coming in.

In respect to our own experience and those of our colleagues, both here in Australia and overseas, there has been a marked difference from some of these observations. Advised clients, which includes yourself, have shown remarkable consistency in their behaviour.  Very little panic. Significant resolve. For some, a notable interest in making investment contributions. We’d hope this considered approach, observed across a deep cross section of clients across various countries, shows the benefit of partnering with an adviser who can offer perspective at times like this.

The Recovery

There’s no forecasting in our process so we’re not going to enter into where markets sit right now. It has been pleasing to see a recovery since the lows of March. This again highlights markets can move incredibly fast.

There are some interesting points to note. The Vix index or fear index spiked massively in March. The below chart shows a comparison between 2008 and March 2020, however it’s measured on a weekly basis and doesn’t quite do the most recent spike justice. On a daily basis, the index was actually higher than in 2008. Since March 17 it has dropped by half.

The All Ords have clawed back 15%, the S&P 500 is up 22%. All this while economies have shuttered, and millions are unemployed. It seems confusing, but markets don’t necessarily focus the now as much as they focus on the future. They are sensing there is a way out. There will be plenty of bad days ahead, but the restrictions seem to be working. With containment, will likely come ongoing testing and observation. You shouldn’t expect a return to normality for a while, but when it comes, it will come with pent up demand. There’s all of that stimulus to wash through. The urge to spend is unlikely to be suppressed in lock up and many people will have money landing in their accounts with significantly less opportunity to spend.

It should be noted that different hemispheres face different situations. Australia is heading into winter and we face challenges which may leave us under a higher level of restrictions than the Northern Hemisphere. That’s what six months of stimulus was for.

We remain optimistic, but this doesn’t mean there’s not the potential for more market turmoil. Millions will feel pain. Some of it will be self-inflicted. Those who thought debt was a replacement for savings and speculation a replacement for evidence. They will complain it’s unfair, but government won’t be bailing out everyone. This isn’t the end for society, democracy or capitalism. One thing will end: this pandemic.

Something to look forward to.

_{This represents general information only. Before making any financial or investment decisions, we recommend you consult a financial planner to take into account your personal investment objectives, financial situation and individual needs.}

March 20, 2020

We’re deep in a global pandemic. The positive? Governments are responding.

Unprecedented times call for unprecedented measures. Interest rates to near zero. Governments putting money into bank accounts. Financial support for business. Government quickly realised the time for half measures was over. President Trump especially. He’s got an election to win at the end of the year. Previously he’d been coasting to victory. With the US economy pummeled, Trump’s no longer on a victory lap. Trump’s big stimulus may not be the last.

On an individual level, the important thing is getting through this. Physically and mentally healthy.

If you are feeling under stress that would be completely normal. If you’re feeling great that can be completely normal too. Various people will respond in various different ways. The important thing is decision making. We can help with clarity around decisions. Rarely are quality long-term decisions made when someone is feeling panicked or euphoric.

Optimism vs Pessimism

Feel free to watch this video before reading on.

It’s easy to look at these falls and conclude, ‘yes, they always come back.’ However, if we look at those charts, they’re absent something we’re being hit with right now. The narrative. The news. The story. The massive dose of uncertainty that was in the air. There was information swirling around all those occasions that led people to conclude it was time to get out. Just as there is right now.

If you can block out the noise surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic it will be much easier to be there for the recovery.

Will there be a recovery? It’s a very black and white scenario. Either we believe this gets better. Believe there will be a cure or a vaccine (the first live test has happened). The spread will eventually be contained. The recoveries will outpace new infections. Stimulus puts a floor under markets. Demand swells. Companies get back to business. Economies and markets come roaring back.

Or we don’t.

If we don’t, then there are much bigger problems than our portfolios or money. That’s a serious statement. The toilet paper wars haven’t shown humanity in its best light, but the best global medical minds are on the case. No one can seriously argue that a cure or vaccine won’t be found. That argument is a bet against all of humanity’s progress to this point. We’re leaning on the side of optimism. It hasn’t failed yet.

Reactions

A recovery will eventuate. The timing is uncertain. The economic impact is unknown.

This event is provoking various reactions.

The expected – some people are concerned about their portfolio; most are happy to wait it out.

The unexpected – some people are excited without considering broader implications.

Don’t panic. Don’t make impulsive changes. Stick to your plan. We reinforce these messages regularly. It stops investors harming themselves long term. It’s also beneficial to help people understand the benefits of rebalancing a portfolio after a fall. After market falls, expected returns increase. This can benefit investors in the recovery.

These messages are everywhere now. It’s good that investors have more clarity around market falls. Understanding they’re not fatal. In some ways, this has worked too well. Don’t make impulsive changes also can apply to buying as well as selling.

We’ve seen instances of investors broaching the idea of margin lending or pulling money from mortgages to take advantage of what they see as an unprecedented opportunity.

This is where good financial advice and a sober second opinion prove valuable. After a full analysis, it may be advantageous for the right investor with a long horizon. However. ‘Is this a good opportunity?’ needs to be accompanied by ‘how secure is my employment?’. Economic activity is stalling. Imagine taking on a bravado loan, seeing another sell off and losing a job if your house price declines.

There hasn’t been a glove laid on real estate yet, but Airbnb rental entrepreneurs now have no income. Open houses will go quiet. Auctions be postponed. International students who fill apartments are now tethered to their own country. While guidance from Real Estate Institutes in Australia has been slim, the British Columbia Association of realtors called this an “unprecedented paralysis of economic and social activity”. Jobs are tenuous in many industries. Maybe not the time to be dipping into home equity. A personal financial planning picture needs to be fully weighed against the lure of investment opportunity. Feeling negative or positive, the reference point before making any decision should be a discussion with your adviser about your goals and plan.

Timing the Market    

Superfunds are overwhelmed. People are bailing to cash. Visit any internet investment forum and you’ll see why. This isn’t a permanent decision. They’re intending to return when this all blows over. They concede they missed the sell off and have now crystallised a loss. But they apparently know when it will be time to get back in.

While the recovery will eventuate, the path to the recovery won’t be smooth. Bottoms are bottoms in hindsight. The bottom might come with a 20% positive month, followed by an 15% drop. Almost back to where things started. That might give someone second thoughts.

Three charts to highlight the folly of market timing. This is the US S&P 500 in the aftermath of the dotcom bubble and 9/11. This chart’s a monthly chart. The bottom appears evident. We’ve highlighted it with the green circle. There was another sell off, but if an investor managed to pick the bottom and hold their nerve, the rewards would flow. It all seems very clear.

Now the same chart, just on a weekly basis. It’s a little messier. Not just a straight up, down and up. Note another dip and recovery appears to the left of the circle (the true bottom), but it wasn’t quite the right point to re-enter.

Now on a daily basis. The movements are no longer smooth. A recovery that seemed very clear in the first chart is now filled with much more noise to navigate. Picking the bottom in October 2002 looked pretty smart until the sell off in January 2003 which lasted 6 weeks. It was nearly back to that first bottom again before the upward momentum stuck.

An investor jumping to cash creates a decision-making chain. When exactly do they feel safe? What signals do they use and what noise do they disregard? How do they successfully identify their re-entry point when there is no certainty around the bottom? There may be false starts before the recovery fully gathers a head of steam. How does someone not confident enough to sit tight find the confidence for their re-entry?

If you have any concerns, speak to us. No matter what impact this virus might have, it is always good to review your overall financial goals and objectives, and think about making them stronger. That’s the smart move in stressful times like these. We are all in this together, stay calm and stay healthy.

_{This represents general information only. Before making any financial or investment decisions, we recommend you consult a financial planner to take into account your personal investment objectives, financial situation and individual needs.}

The Corona Virus. For weeks there was calm. Then suddenly there was panic. Admittedly, it was surprising. Markets have been moving upwards without a hitch for a while and initially they shrugged the Coronavirus off. Australian investors, getting little joy from cash, may have been pushing into the market. The US has been offering solid economic growth to underpin its market.

So normally the panic would have started earlier. With the market panic started, the question becomes: what now? Endless words are dedicated to how to behave when things go south. We regularly remind investors about the worst. Hopefully it means the worst is no surprise, but feelings happen. It’s ok to have feelings, just remember the market doesn’t care about feelings.

We can feel quite brave on the way up, but when the plunge happens it can be another story.

Some things to consider.

The Media

The media will continue in their attempt to pump up the issue. “How many billions wiped” and “What it means for your super” will be common leads. Various media organisations started “live blogging” the ASX trading day after a few days of falls. If you’re curious what that entails, along with an insight into the media’s motives. They sit there as the market falls 2% at open and tell us the market has fallen 2% at open. For the rest of the day they hunt every piece of ghoulish news they can find. It’s added to a continuously refreshing page on their website.

Anyone bothering to scroll through such a cornucopia of despair would likely be in the fetal position by the end of it. Incendiary and pathetic stuff. Meant to bring out the worst.

Garth Turner, a Canadian financial adviser, who was also once a journalist, wrote the following about the 1987 market crash. At the time he was business editor at the Toronto Sun.

By the time I sat down to write my daily column the Dow had collapsed 22.6%. In one day. The worst crash on record. More than 1929. Terrifying. As I wrote I glanced up at a crowd of co-workers standing around that dinging clunker in mute shock. Then I sent my assistant to the newsroom library to dig up pictures of breadlines from Depression-era Toronto, which I irresponsibly published the next morning.

So what happened?

Despite the historic disaster in the autumn, 1987 finished positive for the markets. Over the next two years it advanced 12% and 26%. No 1930’s rerun. Everyone who sold on October 20th seriously regretted it. And I regret I lacked the experience and knowledge to do what my public-facing job demanded – provide a balanced and responsible commentary.

Such reflection is rare. There won’t be any of it from the media for as long as the Coronavirus lasts. Keep that in mind.

The Markets

Don’t lose sight that corrections aren’t rare. Australian and world sharemarkets have been on a tear for a while. A genuine correction has been absent. That is rare. We’ve been in a good paddock. Last August we had a 5% pullback before a quick recovery. It’s been steadily upwards until this week.

Some perspective with this chart. The grey lines highlight the ASX All Ords annual returns (absent dividends) for the past 35 years. The red dots represent the largest annual falls the market had during those 35 years.

The dots don’t lie. Most years there will be a double-digit fall. The average fall in this instance is 12%. Usually there is another minor sell off throughout the year. Two sell offs a year. It’s the price of admission.

It’s important to take note of the ‘flattish’ years. Where there is a 0% or slightly negative or positive return. An investor may have to ride a 17% correction to get a 0% return from the sharemarket for that year. The reality of risk. Not pretty, but the best system we have. For some it’s not palatable. It’s why they don’t invest. Alternatively, they seek refuge in the arms of those promising safety and returns without risk. That rarely ends well.

You and Us

As your adviser, we will be humble enough to admit we don’t know anything about this virus, nor where it might take us. Anyone who offers any certainty should be dismissed. We can look at the past

as a guide for market impact, however it’s no road map. The Coronavirus is spreading faster than previous epidemics. Thankfully it appears less deadly.

Markets are unpredictable so we plan around lives and goals. We’re not trying to avoid the red or only capture the green. Your portfolio’s focus is the whole and what that amounts to over a longer period. Portfolios and budgets are built around the good, bad and ugly. Keep in mind you won’t have 100% of your portfolio in sharemarket funds.

For retired clients: We use effective cash management strategies. Taking advantage of harvesting and rebalancing opportunities. This is intended to quarantine cash for spending needs. It also aims to keep investors from selling down when markets are falling.

If you challenged us last year about selling from a fund that was performing well. This is the exact reason why it happened. Gains get quarantined when the opportunity arises. Your cashflow needs are met without going back to your portfolio in uncertain times.

For accumulators or opportunists: We don’t time markets, but a sharp fall or correction is better thought of as a discount. It’s just not advertised that way. If you believe we will overcome and get through this, as with every other challenge humanity has faced, November’s prices are now available in equities again.

Some guesses on things that may happen:

The virus will likely get worse. Then it will likely better. Central banks will intervene. Governments will likely spray some stimulus. Economies will spike as demand returns. Markets will recover as the American election cycle hurtles towards a conclusion. Australia’s economy will remain sluggish. US Corporate profits will continue. People who ignore things will sail through. Those who panic and sell will regret it later.

There are no fixed dates on any of these things. All remain guesses, but we’ve seen enough to be certain of the last two.

Most importantly – take care of your health.

_{This represents general information only. Before making any financial or investment decisions, we recommend you consult a financial planner to take into account your personal investment objectives, financial situation and individual needs.}

Economic Overview

The geopolitical risks that dominated for much of 2019 faded in Q4, supporting global share markets. Trade uncertainty faded with the US and China’s phase one trade deal announcement, while economic data remained stable. The trade deal, signed on January 15 means planned new tariffs will not be imposed, while US tariffs imposed in September on $120 billion Chinese goods will be reduced by half. The 25% tariffs on $250 billion of Chinese goods will remain. China also agreed to increase purchases of US goods, with agricultural produce highlighted.

The US Federal Reserve cut interest rates once in the quarter before indicating that “the current stance of monetary policy is appropriate”. The US economy expanded by 2.1% (annualised) in Q3. A result better than expected and stronger than Q2.

In the Eurozone, the confidence measure among German executives, improved in December, yet the Eurozone purchasing managers’ index remained unchanged at 50.6 in December – a level that indicates weak growth. Annual inflation was 1.0% in November, up from 0.7% in October but still well below the European Central Bank’s target of close to 2%. Christine Lagarde, in her first major speech as president of the European Central Bank, urged governments to boost public investment in order to increase domestic demand in Europe.

In the UK, the Latest GDP figures confirmed the economy had avoided entering a technical recession in the third quarter after contracting in the previous quarter. GDP growth was 0.4% quarter-on-quarter. Overall, the data suggests that the economy is coping with the uncertainty from Brexit. After the landslide election victory for the incumbent Conservative Party, the government is set to use its large majority to take the UK out of the EU by 31 January 2020, entering a transition period when the next stage of negotiations will begin.

Japan’s economic data continued to show a significant divergence between the strength in service sectors and the weakness in manufacturing. There were also signs that the long-running trend towards an ever-tighter labour market had finally reached its natural limit. The main economic event for the quarter was the consumption tax increase on 1 October.

In Australia, the RBA cut the official cash rate to 0.75% in October. Despite predictions of further cuts, none eventuated during the quarter. Eyes now turn to the RBA’s first meeting in February. While the RBA noted in its December minutes that, “the Australian economy appears to have reached a gentle turning point” it also finished those minutes by noting, “the Board is prepared to ease monetary policy further if needed to support sustainable growth in the economy, full employment and the achievement of the inflation target over time.”

Market Overview

Asset Class Returns

The following outlines the returns across the various asset classes to the 31^st December 2019

Overall, it was a mixed quarter to top off an extremely strong year. The majority of the Q4 gains came from global shares. US markets pushed higher as trade uncertainty faded, while Eurozone markets advanced with better economic data emerging from Germany. Bond markets reflected the better mood in the quarter as government bond yields rose (prices fell) and corporate bonds performed well.

Across the year it was hard to miss a good return, both Australian and global shares returned 20%+ returns, while Australian listed property was pushing 20% and fixed interest was given a shot in the arm as yields fell and prices increased. The asset class doing no one any favours? Cash.

In the US, the tech sector was a major beneficiary of easing trade tensions. Energy companies, which had lagged the broader S&P 500 index in 2019, rallied as the oil price rose on lower-than-expected supply.

Eurozone shares notched a strong return in the final quarter of the year, with the region’s MSCI EMU index returning 5.1%. Listed companies were supported by better economic data from Germany as well as the phase one trade deal agreed by the US and China. Gains were led by sectors that generally fare well when the economy is strengthening; top performing sectors included information technology, consumer discretionary and materials.

UK equities performed relatively well, and domestically focused areas benefited significantly as they responded favourably to the reduction in near-term political uncertainty.

The Japanese market rose in each month of the quarter to record a total return of 8.6%. Asia ex Japan delivered a strong return in Q4, supported by easing geopolitical risk as the US and China reached a phase one trade deal. US dollar weakness also provided support to returns. Against this backdrop China, South Korea and Taiwan all outperformed. In Taiwan, strong performance from technology sector companies boosted returns, as earnings expectations were revised upwards following solid Q3 sales figures

Emerging market shares posted a strong gain in Q4, benefiting from easing geopolitical concerns. The MSCI Emerging Markets Index increased in value and outperformed the MSCI World.

After a double digit first half of 2019, you might say the ASX coasted home with lower returns in Q3 and a meek 0.75% return for Q4. Notably, it did pass its previous record high in November. Q4 was hampered by a weak December with concerns over Christmas retail figures, the strengthening Australian dollar and improving employment figures, which paradoxically became a negative with the ASX counting on the support of further interest rate cuts. Meanwhile, three of the four big banks, NAB, ANZ and Westpac, struggled through Q4 with either more scandal or cuts to earnings and dividends, proving another drag for the ASX in Q4.

2019 Take outs

As we’ve noted, it was hard to go wrong in 2019, unless you had a bank account stuffed with cash or a poorly diversified portfolio stuffed with bank shares – or worse, a combination of both! Major asset classes all delivered stellar returns and when combined into a balanced portfolio of 60% growth assets/40% defensive assets the return was 16.74% for 2019, after a 1.01% return in 2018. Remarkably, the 2017 return for such a portfolio was 8.17% and the 2016 return 8.01%.

How reliable is that consistency? The average annual return for this portfolio is 8.27% for the past decade. The worst return came in 2011 with a -1.00% return, with 2019 being the best. Which shows if you’re prepared to ride out the sub-par years the realignment can eventuate, along with the rewards.

The on again off again trade tensions have proven somewhat farcical. A sniff of negative would take the market down and a whiff of positive would drag it back upwards. When the trade issues move into the background it will be interesting where global markets will take their cues from next. The US presidential race will likely be a focus. Just remember 2016 and the damage Donald Trump was supposedly going to inflict on world markets.

Whatever the focus, it should remain as a matter of interest, not a matter of concern. 2019 was a reminder that we should never react because our expectations may not align with market responses. There was significant concern as 2018 ended. Economic momentum was slowing, earnings growth was in question and optimism was low.

2019 returns were unexpected and more than anyone could hope for.

Does it mean anything for 2020? No. 2020 will have no memory of 2019, just as 2019 had no memory of 2018.

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With material from Schroders & DFA Australia.

This material is provided for information only. No account has been taken of the objectives, financial situation or needs of any particular person or entity. Accordingly, to the extent that this material may constitute general financial product advice, investors should, before acting on the advice, consider the appropriateness of the advice, having regard to the investor’s objectives, financial situation and needs. This is not an offer or recommendation to buy or sell securities or other financial products, nor a solicitation for deposits or other business, whether directly or indirectly.

They were the subject of much derision at the last federal election. Before you say the Labor party, no.

Electric cars.

What’s powering them (besides electricity)?

Batteries. Charge them up and away you go – hopefully for a few hundred kms. Most of the battery focus has centered on the lithium-ion battery. There’s no need to get too deep into various battery chemistries, but some of the minerals and metals required to make the battery are lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and graphite.

The race to manufacture the batteries has resulted in the construction of a significant number of battery mega factories around the world. According to Simon Moores of Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, a lithium battery consultancy, at last count there were 70 lithium ion battery megafactories in construction. By 2028 battery production capacity will potentially be able to power 23-24 million sedan sized vehicles.

Sounds exciting, especially for investors who want a piece of the action.

Where is the easiest place for investors to get targeted exposure to the electric car revolution? Car makers? Nope. They’re mostly boring dividend payers. Battery makers? Nope. Many are already integrated within chemical and electronic companies.

It’s exploration and mining companies.

If all goes to plan, there will be an increasing demand for all those raw materials mentioned earlier. They’ll need to be mined, or in lithium’s case, mined or extracted from brines. A lot of hype and a lot of stories. And a lot of opportunities for hyped up investors to lose their shirts.

How long before that happens? You might be surprised. We’re only in the early stages of this automotive change and there’s already been one boom and bust. A lot of investors are already walking around shirtless.

Firstly lithium. Keep in mind there is various lithium pricing because there are various sources of lithium. It can come from brines where salt flats are located. Most of the world’s lithium in this form comes from South America. Alternatively, it can come in hard rock form. Australia is the world’s largest producer of hard rock lithium.

Whatever price you’re looking at, it’s been on a consistent downward slide for lithium since the start of 2018. Why would this be? As always, same old story in mining. There’s a demand. Companies rush to build mines and fill the void. They fill the void (and some) with the end result of punishing themselves and their investors in the process. A story old as time, but one always forgotten during the boom phase.

In August, Alita Resources went into voluntary administration. Production at Alita’s Bald Hill mine in Western Australia lasted just over a year. One of the bigger (temporary) success stories, Pilbara Minerals, slowed operations at its Pilgangoora mine in WA. Pilbara also made a number of staff redundant last month and laid off contractors before embarking on a $91 million capital raising to get itself through the downturn. A year ago, Pilbara shares traded at 86 cents, at last check they were at 30 cents.

It’s a similar story across the industry. Investors in the big overseas listed miners, SQM and Albemarle have seen 50-60% losses over the past two years.

Cobalt was the other hyped story. It’s meant to be even scarcer than lithium. Investors started to think of the riches to be made for anyone who jumped on board. Where do you invest to get cobalt exposure? 60% of the world’s cobalt comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Swiss miner and commodity trader, Glencore, has a significant piece of that market.

Cobalt, like lithium, has proven to be another story of burnt fingers. However, unlike lithium, there’s been little in the way of new mine progress. The hype train pushed the cobalt price upward with plenty of explorers grabbing mining leases in the hope of getting lucky. If you want to see how well they fared, it wasn’t much different to the cobalt price. Up on hype and straight back down again.

In the DRC, two thirds of the population live on between $1-2 a day. A lot of cobalt is accessible by individual miners with hand tools. When the price rocketed, a lot of people in unfortunate circumstances had an opportunity to make some money. At the same time, Glencore increased its production. Suddenly warehouses in southern Africa were full of cobalt. Oversupply pushed the price down again.

Glencore has now halted production at its largest mine, Mutanda, and is also in a standoff with the Congalese government over mining royalties.

It’s always tempting to be on the lookout for the next great advancement. Speculators who can jump onboard early enough might make themselves a quick buck. They just need to know when to get out. Very few people picked the top in the last lithium and cobalt spike. Look on investment forums and you’ll find trapped investors who rode the prices downward now grasping for any piece of information indicating those prices might recover their previous highs.

As we regularly say, great stories don’t always make great investments. Long term, if the electric vehicle story is a winner, the gains from the car makers, battery makers and miners will find their way into the various funds a globally diversified portfolio holds. That ensures, as with every other sector and industry out there, an investor will capture some of the gains and be protected from the worst of the losses.

_{This represents general information only. Before making any financial or investment decisions, we recommend you consult a financial planner to take into account your personal investment objectives, financial situation and individual needs.}

“The markets haven’t been very good lately,” the investor said with some concern. “Should we be doing something?”

Markets were off their highs. Trump was being Trump. August had been one of those months. Off nearly 5% in a week. Sideways for the next three. A slight upward burst at the end, but the media had been salivating at the prospect of more losses. The wind had stopped blowing and the seas had calmed. The investor was still thinking about those storm warnings.

“Well the ASX All Ords is up about 19% until the end of August,” the adviser said, bringing up a returns chart.

“That’s strange, I could have sworn we’d been doing pretty badly this year,” returned the confused investor. “Interesting.”

August, and its last day, is an interesting study on why that might be.

Earlier in the month these are some of the headlines leading broadcasts, gracing newspaper front pages and taking the top left on news websites throughout August:

Bloodbath for share markets: Here’s how it affects you

ASX drops 128 points in worst loss of 2019

Trade war wipes $38b off ASX

Aussies’ super smashed as USA-China trade war hits ASX

Australian stock market slumps after US-China trade war prompts Wall Street plunge

Investors told to brace for more volatility as ASX sells off

Yes, it could be recency bias. The tendency to let the most recent events weigh heavily in one’s mind, but that’s only able to occur if a person is confronted by all information.

Below are the homepages of four well known Australian newspapers on that last day in August. The ASX All Ords finished up 93 points that day or 1.4%. It was up over 100 points when these screenshots were taken. You’d think such a great day would have warranted some interest by the media; telling us how many billions had been ‘wiped on the ASX’, what the gain ‘meant for us’ and how important it was for ‘our super’.

After all, those top left corners are usually reserved for important stories reminding us how much we’ve lost on the down days.

Nary a mention.

The day’s gains were buried much further down the page. Positive market news relegated to the business & finance section. Flicking through the nightly news it was a similar story.

Media bias by omission is why investing is so hard. It explains why some people are scared of the sharemarket. It also explains why sharemarket investors regularly think they’re doing worse than they are.  If we use months as our guide, 63% of the time the ASX is heading upward. It’s 72% of the time if we’re using years.

The likelihood of a 100-plus point down day leading the news? We can only guess, but we’re assuming it’s very high.

The likelihood of a 100 point-plus up day leading the news?

Looks like zero.

_{This represents general information only. Before making any financial or investment decisions, we recommend you consult a financial planner to take into account your personal investment objectives, financial situation and individual needs.}

June 6, 2019

Neil Woodford has a neck thick like a rugby player and a head shaped like it was chiselled out of granite, it could be mounted somewhere on Easter Island. Imposing is an appropriate word to describe his appearance. Woodford is a man screaming conviction.

Charlie Aitken is almost the opposite, but no less memorable. His features are sharp, he’s thin. Hair slicked back, often wearing a smug smirk; he appears supremely confident, giving the impression you should be listening to him. Aitken is a man screaming conviction.

While Woodford looks like he could be cracking heads outside a nightclub and Aitken cracking jokes on a late-night talk show, they’re both in the same business. They both manage money and lately it hasn’t been going so well.

Woodford was known as a star stock picker during his time at UK investment manager Invesco, so in 2013 it was time to set up his own fund. He started off strongly.

In his first full year on his own, Woodford’s flagship fund returned 16 per cent, beating all 50 of its peers tracked by Bloomberg. That has all changed, with the fund down 7 per cent this year through May 31 and down 18 per cent in the past 12 months.

And those falls have caused panic with Woodford’s investors.

Neil Woodford’s problems are a fund-management version of that old-fashioned bank run. Investors in the Woodford Equity Income fund have been asking for their money back at a rapid rate – about £10m a week. Unlike a bank, the fund has all the money – but it is invested in a series of companies.

To come up with the cash at once, the fund would be forced into a fire sale, with the result that investors would almost certainly get back less – much less – than they put in.

To stop the rot, this week Woodford suspended trading in his flagship fund in the UK.

Back in Australia, Aitken was one of Australia’s better-known stockbrokers before he made the leap to start his own fund in 2015. He attracted high profile investors such as billionaire Kerry Stokes and was said to have $300 million in funds under management. The fees were 1.5% and 15% of any outperformance over the fund’s benchmark.

Aitken’s Global High Conviction Fund started off promisingly enough. It outperformed its benchmark, the MSCI World Index, until 2018 when the fund fell almost non-stop throughout the year.

Aitken Investment Management’s Global High Conviction Fund suffered a 23.8 per cent loss in 2018 after being defeated by macro conditions that undermined the strategy’s pro-Asia bets.

This year it has lost further ground as the MSCI World’s recovery has been much stronger than that of Aitken’s fund. With that stinker of a return fresh in the memory, things are also happening at Aitken’s fund. The biggest investors apparently want change.

Rather than expand the stock picking team, we’ve heard the telegenic Aitken — we gather after some nudging by Stokes and Rankin — is going to recreate the business as a branded global index fund, with some high-conviction calls on the side.

Sounds like a fund available for 0.3% from a regular fund manager. Unless the pencil is sharpened on fees, any investor will pay Aitken an extra 1.2% for a little speculative indulgence. Hardly seems warranted.

Both Woodford and Aitken are known as conviction investors, but there is a problem with convictions. When you have convictions, investors expect your convictions to be right and they don’t give a damn about your convictions when they’re wrong. They have zero patience for theories on why something should have happened and yet didn’t.

They don’t want to accept a financial crisis type return in a year when there’s no financial crisis just because something happened in Asia or Europe that you didn’t foresee.

One of the more famous conviction stories is that of Michael Burry. It was memorably featured in the film The Big Short. Burry (played by Christian Bale) bought credit default swaps on subprime mortgage bonds. Doing this ensured Burry’s hedge fund performance was terrible for a considerable period of time due to the cost of holdings the swaps.

His investors were frustrated at the returns and apoplectic when Burry suspended redemptions and froze his investors’ capital until he believed the CDS market was acting as it should. If you’ve seen the film, Burry continually writes the percentage decline of his fund on a whiteboard.

In the end the payoff was spectacular. The number Burry finally wrote on his whiteboard was a two fingered salute to anyone who doubted him.

Michael Burry’s final return.

While it’s a great story, it’s not particularly helpful for everyday investors. In the film the audience is meant to sympathise, and cheer Burry on. In real life, the audience would be the investors screaming at Burry demanding their money back.

And for every Michael Burry who survived, recovered and delivered a monster pay off, there are an array of funds that have been shuttered after abysmal performance, the managers slinking off into the night. If an investor is down 20%+ in a fund based on a manager’s convictions, you can be assured they’re losing their convictions in the manager’s abilities.

Neil Woodford has been great in the past. Charlie Aitken has been great in the past. As we see time and again when it comes to investment returns, reputations mean nothing. Investors banking on previous conviction success won’t know the manager they’re investing with is right or wrong until after the fact.

Not that it stops the media giving them endless free publicity. Both Woodford and Aitken have been media darlings in their respective counties. In many investors’ minds media exposure equals skill and legitimacy when it’s only an indicator of the past and a willingness to provide a colourful quote.

But here’s a more important quote from some investors in Neil Woodford’s fund, “we trusted Neil Woodford with our money”.

Investors can trust a person, or they can trust capital markets and the factors that are known to drive returns. There are no guarantees, but in the past markets have been able to price in bad news and eventually keep providing returns.

The same can’t be said for every star manager’s fund.

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Neil Woodford explains to his investors.

_{This represents general information only. Before making any financial or investment decisions, we recommend you consult a financial planner to take into account your personal investment objectives, financial situation and individual needs.}